![]() Most thyroid cancers manifest as asymptomatic nodules. read more (histamine), medullary carcinoma of the thyroid Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma There are 4 general types of thyroid cancer. Mast cell activation syndrome is increased and inappropriate activation of mast cells without clonal. read more (gastrin), mastocytosis Mastocytosis and Mast Cell Activation Syndrome Mastocytosis is mast cell proliferation with infiltration of skin or other tissues and organs. Gastric acid hypersecretion and aggressive, refractory peptic ulceration result (Zollinger-Ellison. read more (vasoactive intestinal peptide), gastrinomas Gastrinoma A gastrinoma is a gastrin-producing tumor usually located in the pancreas or the duodenal wall. Various endocrine tumors produce secretagogues, including vipomas Vipoma A vipoma is a non-beta pancreatic islet cell tumor secreting vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), resulting in a syndrome of watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and achlorhydria (WDHA syndrome). ![]() Increased secretions/decreased absorption Overingesting certain foodstuffs ( see Table: Some Causes of Diarrhea* Some Causes of Diarrhea* ) can cause osmotic diarrhea. Lactulose, which is used as a laxative, causes diarrhea by a similar mechanism. Ingesting large amounts of hexitols (eg, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol) or high fructose corn syrups, which are used as sugar substitutes in candy, gum, and fruit juices, causes osmotic diarrhea because hexitols are poorly absorbed. Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal distention, and flatulence. Osmotic diarrhea occurs with sugar intolerance (eg, lactose intolerance Carbohydrate Intolerance Carbohydrate intolerance is the inability to digest certain carbohydrates due to a lack of one or more intestinal enzymes. Such solutes include polyethylene glycol, magnesium salts (hydroxide and sulfate), and sodium phosphate, which are used as laxatives. Etiology of Diarrheaĭiarrhea occurs when unabsorbable, water-soluble solutes remain in the bowel and retain water. read more after prolonged diarrhea can cause tetany. Causes include inadequate magnesium intake and absorption or increased excretion due to hypercalcemia or drugs. Hypomagnesemia Hypomagnesemia Hypomagnesemia is serum magnesium concentration < 1.8 mg/dL (< 0.70 mmol/L). read more can occur when patients have severe or chronic diarrhea or if the stool contains excess mucus. Hypokalemia Hypokalemia Hypokalemia is serum potassium concentration < 3.5 mEq/L (< 3.5 mmol/L) caused by a deficit in total body potassium stores or abnormal movement of potassium into cells. Bicarbonate loss can cause metabolic acidosis Metabolic Acidosis Metabolic acidosis is primary reduction in bicarbonate (HCO3 −), typically with compensatory reduction in carbon dioxide partial pressure (Pco2) pH may be markedly low or slightly. ![]() Collapse can develop rapidly in patients who have severe diarrhea (eg, patients with cholera) or are very young, very old, or debilitated. Fluid loss with consequent dehydration, electrolyte loss (sodium, potassium, magnesium, chloride), and even vascular collapse sometimes occur. The preliminary results supported the need to integrate patients' narratives with clinical data and encourage further research.īone and soft tissue sarcoma digital diary digital narrative medicine multidisciplinary team care narrative-based medicine personalized care personalized medicine.Complications may result from diarrhea of any etiology. Open- and closed-ended questions (Likert score: 1-5) were used to assess the items.Īt the interim analysis of data from seven patients and five HCPs, DNM was shown to improve: (a) the expression of patients' point of view, the perception of effective taking charge, disease awareness, and self-empowerment (score: 4.8/5) (b) patients' communication, relationships, and illness knowledge (score: 4.6-4.8/5). The endpoints were: (a) patients' opinions about therapeutic alliance, awareness, and coping ability (b) healthcare professionals' (HCPs') opinions about communication, therapeutic alliance, and information collection. Since 2017, at the "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, studies using "digital narrative diaries" (DNMLAB platform) have been carried out this article focuses on a pilot, uncontrolled, real-life study aiming to evaluate the utility of DNM integrated with the care pathway of patients with bone and limb soft tissue sarcomas.Īdult patients completed the diary during treatment or follow-up by writing their narrative guided by a set of narrative prompts. Guidelines for the implementation of narrative medicine in clinical practice exist however, in Italy, no standard methodology is currently available for the management of oncological patients. ![]()
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